![]() For example, in LiOsO 3 bulk crystals 11, polar distortions are induced at the A-site Li ions while metallicity is maintained with the partially filled B-site Os orbitals 1, 2. An alternative approach to achieve a stable polar metal phase is to induce polar distortions and metallicity from different types of ions. However, the amplitudes of polar distortions are suppressed rapidly, as has been shown in the cases of BaTiO 3−δ and PbTi 1− xNb xO 3 8, 9, 10. Metallicity can be induced via carrier doping by creating oxygen vacancies or replacing transition-metal ions. In transition-metal oxides (TMOs), polar distortions exist in ferroelectric materials, which are typically insulating with empty d orbitals (e.g., d 0 configuration) 7. Inspired by the original work of Anderson and Blount 4, an extensive search of polar metals has been conducted, especially in transition-metal compounds. Consequently, polar metals are rare in nature 3, 4, 5, 6. In condensed matter physics, the itinerant electrons in metals lead to effective screening of local electric dipole moments, disfavoring the formation of long-range ordered dipoles, i.e. The present results pave a way to design materials with desired functionalities at oxide interfaces. ![]() Density-functional-theory calculations provide insights into the origin of the observed properties of the thin SrRuO 3 film. The high conductivity in the SrRuO 3 layer can be attributed to the effect of electrostatic carrier accumulation induced by the BaTiO 3 layers. ![]() Electrical transport and magnetization measurements reveal that this heterostructure possesses a metallic phase with high conductivity and ferromagnetic ordering with high saturation moment. Electron microscopy reveals polar lattice distortions in three-unit-cells thick SrRuO 3 between BaTiO 3 layers. Here we report on the realization of a magnetic polar metal phase in a BaTiO 3/SrRuO 3/BaTiO 3 heterostructure. Moreover, no polar metals are known to be magnetic. Strict symmetry restrictions make them an extremely rare breed as the structural constraints favor insulating over metallic phase. Polar metals are commonly defined as metals with polar structural distortions.
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